Python does not have Arrays, so let's explore this concept in C#. I am talking about a fixed array and not a Dynamic Array. One can also use an Array as a Queue, but there is a fixed limit to the number of items that can be queued using an Array. Print(queue.pop()) # Inde圎rror: pop from an empty dequeue Using Array as Queue in C# Here is the same Queue class as above using deque in place of a Link List. Let's do that to show that abstraction is a very useful concept in computer science. In fact, it is easy to change the underlying implementation of using a Link List with deque and preserve the operations of pop, append, and is_empty. The custom Queue Class used with the Link List abstracts away the details of using a Link List to handle Queue operations. Print(queue.pop()) # Inde圎rror: pop from an empty queue Queue Class as Abstraction in Python Raise Inde圎rror('pop from an empty queue') I can pop from the head of the Link List in O(1) with the head pointer, and append to the tail of the Link List in O(1) with the tail pointer. In order to make appends really fast I will add a tail pointer in addition to the normal head pointer. One can use a Link List as a Queue in Python. Print(queue.popleft()) # Inde圎rror: pop from an empty deque Here is an example in Python using deque as a Queue. It allows for fast appends and pops to both the left and right sides of the container, making it a great solution for both Stacks and Queues in Python. The collections module in Python has a lot of feature-rich containers, and one of them is deque. The Stack is a last-in, first-out data structure and the Queue is a first-in, first-out data structure. In this article I'll be implementing similar solutions in Python and C# using the Queue Data Structure. Last time I looked at implementing the Stack Data Structure in Python and C#.
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